/* Scientific Research Portal - DNA Lineage Heritage */

/* Import Professional Fonts */
@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Inter:wght@300;400;500;600;700;800&family=Space+Grotesk:wght@400;500;600;700&family=IBM+Plex+Mono:wght@400;500;600&display=swap');

:root {
    /* Berber/Anti Atlas Cultural Palette */
    --primary-dark: #3E2723;
    --primary-terracotta: #CD7F32;
    --primary-clay: #D2691E;
    --accent-ochre: #CC8E35;
    --accent-warm-sand: #E2A36B;
    --accent-burnt-sienna: #8B4513;
    --accent-amber: #D4915D;
    --deep-indigo: #2C4251;
    
    /* Neutrals */
    --gray-50: #F9FAFB;
    --gray-100: #F3F4F6;
    --gray-200: #E5E7EB;
    --gray-300: #D1D5DB;
    --gray-600: #4B5563;
    --gray-700: #374151;
    --gray-800: #1F2937;
    --gray-900: #111827;
    
    /* Semantic Colors */
    --text-primary: #111827;
    --text-secondary: #4B5563;
    --background: #FFFFFF;
    --background-alt: #F9FAFB;
    --surface: #FFFFFF;
    --border: #E5E7EB;
    
    /* Effects */
    --shadow-sm: 0 1px 2px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
    --shadow-md: 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1), 0 2px 4px -1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);
    --shadow-lg: 0 10px 15px -3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1), 0 4px 6px -2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
    --shadow-xl: 0 20px 25px -5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1), 0 10px 10px -5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.04);
    --shadow-glow: 0 0 20px rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.15);
    
    --radius-sm: 3px;
    --radius-md: 4px;
    --radius-lg: 6px;
    --radius-xl: 8px;
    
    --transition: all 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);

    /* Legacy aliases used across older page sections */
    --primary-color: var(--primary-terracotta);
    --secondary-color: var(--accent-ochre);
    --accent-color: var(--primary-clay);
    --background-color: var(--background);
    --border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    --shadow: var(--shadow-md);
    --primary-navy: var(--deep-indigo);
}

* {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    box-sizing: border-box;
}

html {
    scroll-behavior: smooth;
    font-size: 16px;
}

body {
    font-family: 'Inter', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', sans-serif;
    line-height: 1.65;
    color: var(--text-primary);
    background: #FAFBFC;
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
    -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;
}

/* ========================================
   HEADER & NAVIGATION
   ======================================== */

header {
    background: #FFFFFF;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
    padding: 0;
    border-bottom: none;
}

header::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    background-image: url('../img/berber-pattern-bg.jpg');
    background-size: 150px 150px;
    opacity: 0.08;
    pointer-events: none;
}

.header-content {
    max-width: 1200px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 2rem 4rem 1.5rem;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
    text-align: center;
}

.header-content::before {
    content: '';
    display: block;
    width: clamp(56px, 7vw, 72px);
    height: clamp(56px, 7vw, 72px);
    margin: 0 auto 0.75rem;
    background: url('../img/site-logo-amazigh-96.png') center / contain no-repeat;
}

.header-content h1 {
    font-family: 'Space Grotesk', sans-serif;
    font-size: clamp(1.5rem, 3vw, 2rem);
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #3E2723;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
    line-height: 1.2;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #8B4513 0%, #CD7F32 100%);
    -webkit-background-clip: text;
    -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
    background-clip: text;
}

.header-content p {
    font-size: clamp(0.875rem, 1.5vw, 1rem);
    color: #6B7280;
    max-width: 700px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    font-weight: 400;
    line-height: 1.5;
}

/* Navigation */
.main-nav {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95);
    backdrop-filter: blur(20px) saturate(180%);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
    position: sticky;
    top: 0;
    z-index: 2000;
    box-shadow: 0 1px 3px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

.main-nav:hover {
    box-shadow: 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1), 0 2px 4px -1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06);
}

.nav-container {
    max-width: 1200px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 4rem;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    min-height: 60px;
}

.nav-container a {
    text-decoration: none;
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    font-weight: 500;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    padding: 0.65rem 1.25rem;
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    transition: var(--transition);
    position: relative;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

.nav-container a::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 0;
    left: 50%;
    width: 0;
    height: 2px;
    background: var(--primary-clay);
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.nav-container a:hover {
    color: var(--primary-terracotta);
    background: var(--gray-50);
}

.nav-container a:hover::before {
    width: 80%;
}

.nav-container a.active {
    color: #FFFFFF;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary-terracotta), var(--accent-ochre));
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(205, 127, 50, 0.25);
}

.nav-container a.active::before {
    display: none;
}

.btn-copper {
    background: #CD7F32;
}

/* ========================================
   LAYOUT & CONTAINERS
   ======================================== */

.container {
    max-width: 1200px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 4rem 4rem;
}

/* Main content area with additional padding for professional layout */
main.container,
main#main-content {
    padding-left: 4rem;
    padding-right: 4rem;
}

/* Learning layout or content sections with filters - adds padding to main content area */
.learning-layout,
.content-with-filters > main,
.content-with-filters > div:not(.filter-section),
.content-main {
    padding-left: 1.5rem;
    padding-right: 1.5rem;
}

/* When using content-with-filters, the main content gets extra padding */
.content-with-filters {
    padding-left: 0;
    padding-right: 0;
}

.content-with-filters > div:not(.filter-section) {
    padding-left: 1.5rem;
    padding-right: 1.5rem;
}

@media (max-width: 1024px) {
    .container {
        padding: 3rem 3rem;
    }
    
    main.container,
    main#main-content {
        padding-left: 3rem;
        padding-right: 3rem;
    }
    
    .learning-layout,
    .content-with-filters > main,
    .content-with-filters > div:not(.filter-section),
    .content-main {
        padding-left: 1rem;
        padding-right: 1rem;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .container {
        padding: 2rem 2rem;
    }
    
    main.container,
    main#main-content {
        padding-left: 2rem;
        padding-right: 2rem;
    }
    
    .learning-layout,
    .content-with-filters > main,
    .content-with-filters > div:not(.filter-section),
    .content-main {
        padding-left: 0.5rem;
        padding-right: 0.5rem;
    }

    .nav-container {
        justify-content: flex-start;
        flex-wrap: nowrap;
        overflow-x: auto;
        gap: 0.4rem;
        padding-top: 0.4rem;
        padding-bottom: 0.4rem;
        padding-left: 1rem;
        padding-right: 1rem;
        min-height: 56px;
        scrollbar-width: none;
        -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
        scroll-snap-type: x proximity;
    }

    .nav-container::-webkit-scrollbar {
        display: none;
    }

    .nav-container a {
        display: inline-flex;
        align-items: center;
        justify-content: center;
        white-space: nowrap;
        padding: 0.6rem 0.9rem;
        font-size: 0.92rem;
        line-height: 1;
        scroll-snap-align: center;
    }

    .card {
        padding: 1.6rem;
        margin-bottom: 1.6rem;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
    .container {
        padding: 1.4rem 1rem;
    }
    
    main.container,
    main#main-content {
        padding-left: 1rem;
        padding-right: 1rem;
    }
    
    .learning-layout,
    .content-with-filters > main,
    .content-with-filters > div:not(.filter-section),
    .content-main {
        padding-left: 0;
        padding-right: 0;
    }

    .header-content {
        padding: 1.4rem 1rem 1rem;
    }

    .header-content h1 {
        font-size: 2rem;
    }

    .header-content p {
        font-size: 0.98rem;
        line-height: 1.45;
    }

    .card {
        padding: 1.25rem;
    }
}

/* ========================================
   CARDS & SECTIONS
   ======================================== */

.card {
    background: #FFFFFF;
    border-radius: 12px;
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    padding: 2.5rem;
    margin-bottom: 2.5rem;
    transition: all 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
    box-shadow: 0 1px 3px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
}

.card:hover {
    box-shadow: 0 10px 25px -5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1), 0 4px 6px -2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    border-color: rgba(205, 127, 50, 0.2);
}

.card h2 {
    font-family: 'Space Grotesk', sans-serif;
    color: var(--primary-dark);
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    font-size: 2rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
    line-height: 1.2;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.75rem;
}

.card h2:first-child {
    margin-top: 0;
}

.card h3 {
    font-family: 'Space Grotesk', sans-serif;
    color: var(--primary-navy);
    margin: 2rem 0 1rem;
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
}

.card h4 {
    color: var(--text-primary);
    margin: 1.5rem 0 0.75rem;
    font-size: 1.15rem;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.card p {
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    line-height: 1.75;
    margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
    font-size: 1rem;
}

.card p:last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.text-large {
    font-size: 1.125rem;
    line-height: 1.8;
    color: var(--text-primary);
    font-weight: 400;
}

.card ul {
    margin: 1rem 0 1rem 1.5rem;
    color: var(--text-secondary);
}

.card li {
    margin: 0.5rem 0;
    line-height: 1.65;
}

/* ========================================
   HERO SECTIONS
   ======================================== */

.hero {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, 
        rgba(10, 37, 64, 0.95) 0%, 
        rgba(30, 58, 95, 0.92) 50%, 
        rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.88) 100%
    ),
    url('../img/berber-pattern-bg.jpg');
    background-size: cover, 200px 200px;
    background-position: center, center;
    background-blend-mode: overlay;
    position: relative;
    padding: 5rem 3rem;
    border-radius: var(--radius-xl);
    margin-bottom: 3rem;
    overflow: hidden;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-xl);
}

.hero::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    background: 
        radial-gradient(circle at 30% 40%, rgba(139, 92, 246, 0.15) 0%, transparent 60%),
        radial-gradient(circle at 70% 60%, rgba(6, 182, 212, 0.15) 0%, transparent 60%),
        url('data:image/svg+xml,<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 100 100"><defs><pattern id="grid" width="10" height="10" patternUnits="userSpaceOnUse"><path d="M 10 0 L 0 0 0 10" fill="none" stroke="rgba(255,255,255,0.05)" stroke-width="0.5"/></pattern></defs><rect width="100" height="100" fill="url(%23grid)"/></svg>');
    pointer-events: none;
    animation: subtle-shift 20s ease-in-out infinite;
}

@keyframes subtle-shift {
    0%, 100% { transform: translateX(0) translateY(0); }
    50% { transform: translateX(2%) translateY(-2%); }
}

.hero-overlay {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    right: 5%;
    bottom: 0;
    pointer-events: none;
    opacity: 0.6;
}

.hero-dna {
    animation: dna-rotate 15s linear infinite;
}

@keyframes dna-rotate {
    0% { transform: translateY(0) rotate(0deg); }
    50% { transform: translateY(-15px) rotate(180deg); }
    100% { transform: translateY(0) rotate(360deg); }
}

.hero h1,
.hero h2 {
    font-family: 'Space Grotesk', sans-serif;
    font-size: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 3rem);
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #FFFFFF;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
    line-height: 1.2;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
}

.hero p {
    font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 1.5vw, 1.2rem);
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95);
    max-width: 900px;
    margin: 0 auto 2.5rem;
    line-height: 1.75;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
}

.hero .btn {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
    margin: 0.5rem;
}

/* ========================================
   BUTTONS & INTERACTIVE ELEMENTS
   ======================================== */

.btn {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    padding: 0.875rem 1.75rem;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #CD7F32 0%, #CC8E35 100%);
    color: #FFFFFF;
    text-decoration: none;
    border-radius: 8px;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 1rem;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
    transition: all 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
    border: none;
    cursor: pointer;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(205, 127, 50, 0.2);
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
    min-height: 44px; /* Ensure touch target accessibility */
}

.btn:hover {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #B8722D 0%, #C07D2A 100%);
    box-shadow: 0 6px 20px rgba(205, 127, 50, 0.35);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.btn:active {
    transform: translateY(0);
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(205, 127, 50, 0.2);
}

.btn-outline {
    background: transparent;
    border: 2px solid #CD7F32;
    color: #CD7F32;
    box-shadow: none;
}

.btn-outline:hover {
    background: #CD7F32;
    color: #FFFFFF;
    border-color: #CD7F32;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(205, 127, 50, 0.25);
}

/* ========================================
   GRID LAYOUTS
   ======================================== */

.grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr));
    gap: 2rem;
    margin: 2rem 0;
}

.grid.two-columns {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
}

.grid.three-columns {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .grid.two-columns,
    .grid.three-columns {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
}

.interactive-card {
    background: #FFFFFF;
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    padding: 2rem;
    transition: all 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
    box-shadow: 0 1px 3px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
}

.interactive-card::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 4px;
    height: 100%;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--primary-terracotta) 0%, var(--accent-ochre) 100%);
    opacity: 0;
    transition: opacity 0.3s ease;
}

.interactive-card:hover {
    box-shadow: 0 8px 20px -5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1), 0 4px 6px -2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    border-color: rgba(205, 127, 50, 0.3);
}

.interactive-card:hover::before {
    opacity: 1;
}

/* Stats Grid */
.stats-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(220px, 1fr));
    gap: 1.5rem;
    margin: 2rem 0;
}

.stat-card {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--gray-50) 0%, #FFFFFF 100%);
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    padding: 2rem 1.5rem;
    text-align: center;
    transition: var(--transition);
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.stat-card::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    height: 3px;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--primary-blue), var(--accent-cyan), var(--accent-emerald));
}

.stat-card:hover {
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
}

.stat-card h3 {
    font-family: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace;
    font-size: 2.5rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--primary-blue);
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.stat-card p {
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    line-height: 1.5;
}

.stat-card strong {
    display: block;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--text-primary);
    margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
}

/* ========================================
   TIMELINE
   ======================================== */

.timeline {
    position: relative;
    padding: 3rem 0;
    margin: 2rem 0;
}

.timeline::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    left: 50%;
    top: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    width: 3px;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--primary-blue), var(--accent-teal), var(--accent-emerald));
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    border-radius: 2px;
}

.timeline-item {
    position: relative;
    margin: 3rem 0;
    padding: 1.75rem 2rem;
    background: var(--surface);
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
    width: 45%;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.timeline-item:hover {
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-xl);
    transform: translateY(-3px);
    border-color: var(--accent-teal);
}

.timeline-item:nth-child(odd) {
    margin-left: 0;
}

.timeline-item:nth-child(even) {
    margin-left: 55%;
}

.timeline-item::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 2rem;
    width: 18px;
    height: 18px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary-blue), var(--accent-teal));
    border-radius: 50%;
    border: 3px solid var(--surface);
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px var(--accent-teal);
    z-index: 1;
}

.timeline-item:nth-child(odd)::before {
    right: -36px;
}

.timeline-item:nth-child(even)::before {
    left: -36px;
}

.timeline-item h3 {
    font-family: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace;
    color: var(--primary-blue);
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.timeline-item p {
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    line-height: 1.65;
    margin: 0;
}

/* ========================================
   DATA TABLES
   ======================================== */

.data-table {
    width: 100%;
    border-collapse: separate;
    border-spacing: 0;
    margin: 2rem 0;
    background: #FFFFFF;
    border-radius: 12px;
    overflow: hidden;
    box-shadow: 0 1px 3px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
}

.data-table thead {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary-dark) 0%, #4A3428 100%);
}

.data-table th {
    padding: 1.25rem 1.5rem;
    text-align: left;
    font-family: 'Space Grotesk', sans-serif;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    color: #FFFFFF;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    border-bottom: 2px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
}

.data-table td {
    padding: 1.25rem 1.5rem;
    text-align: left;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border);
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
}

.data-table tbody tr {
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.data-table tbody tr:hover {
    background: rgba(205, 127, 50, 0.03);
}

.data-table tbody tr:last-child td {
    border-bottom: none;
}

.data-table strong {
    color: var(--text-primary);
    font-weight: 600;
}

.data-table a {
    color: var(--primary-terracotta);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
}

.data-table a:hover {
    color: var(--primary-clay);
    text-decoration: underline;
}

/* ========================================
   IMAGES & MEDIA
   ======================================== */

img {
    max-width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    display: block;
}

.image-container {
    margin: 2.5rem 0;
}

.image-container img {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
    transition: var(--transition);
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
}

.image-container img:hover {
    opacity: 0.95;
}

.image-caption {
    margin-top: 1rem;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    font-style: italic;
    line-height: 1.5;
    text-align: center;
    padding: 0 1rem;
}

/* ========================================
   UTILITY CLASSES
   ======================================== */

.text-large {
    font-size: 1.15rem;
    line-height: 1.75;
    color: var(--text-secondary);
}

.text-center {
    text-align: center;
}

.mb-2 {
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.highlight {
    color: var(--primary-blue);
    font-weight: 600;
    position: relative;
}

.highlight::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: -2px;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    height: 2px;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--accent-cyan), var(--accent-emerald));
    border-radius: 2px;
}

/* Breadcrumb */
.breadcrumb {
    max-width: 1400px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0.75rem 2rem;
    background: transparent;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
}

.breadcrumb ol {
    list-style: none;
    display: flex;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    align-items: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.breadcrumb li {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    color: #6B7280;
}

.breadcrumb li:not(:last-child)::after {
    content: '/';
    color: #D1D5DB;
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    margin: 0 0.25rem;
}

.breadcrumb a {
    color: #CD7F32;
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: color 0.2s ease;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.breadcrumb a:hover {
    color: #CC8E35;
}

/* Skip to main content */
.skip-to-main {
    position: absolute;
    left: -9999px;
    z-index: 999;
    padding: 1rem;
    background: var(--primary-dark);
    color: white;
    text-decoration: none;
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
}

.skip-to-main:focus {
    left: 50%;
    transform: translateX(-50%);
    top: 1rem;
}

/* ========================================
   FOOTER
   ======================================== */

footer {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary-dark) 0%, var(--primary-navy) 100%);
    color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
    text-align: center;
    padding: 3rem 2rem;
    margin-top: 5rem;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

footer::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    height: 1px;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, 
        transparent, 
        var(--accent-teal), 
        var(--accent-cyan), 
        var(--accent-emerald), 
        transparent
    );
}

footer::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    height: 200px;
    background: url('data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg width=\"100\" height=\"100\" viewBox=\"0 0 100 100\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\"%3E%3Cpath d=\"M0 0 Q25 40 50 0 T100 0\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"rgba(255,255,255,0.05)\" stroke-width=\"0.5\"/%3E%3C/svg%3E');
    opacity: 0.3;
    pointer-events: none;
}

footer p {
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
}

footer a {
    color: var(--accent-cyan);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: var(--transition);
    border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;
}

footer a:hover {
    color: #FFFFFF;
    border-bottom-color: var(--accent-cyan);
}

/* ========================================
   IMAGE PLACEHOLDERS & FEATURED IMAGES
   ======================================== */

.featured-image {
    position: relative;
    margin: 2rem 0;
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    overflow: hidden;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-xl);
}

.featured-image img {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    display: block;
}

.heritage-visual {
    margin: 2rem 0;
}

.heritage-visual > div {
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.heritage-visual > div > div {
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
}

.heritage-visual img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 400px;
    object-fit: cover;
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
}

/* Image overlay for placeholders */
.image-placeholder-overlay {
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    background: linear-gradient(0deg, rgba(0,0,0,0.7) 0%, transparent 100%);
    padding: 1.5rem;
    color: white;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-family: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace;
}

/* ========================================
   RESPONSIVE DESIGN
   ======================================== */

/* Filter Section Styles */
.filter-section {
    background: #FFFFFF;
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: 12px;
    padding: 2.5rem;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    box-shadow: 0 1px 3px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
    position: sticky;
    top: 100px;
    max-height: calc(100vh - 120px);
    overflow-y: auto;
}

.filter-section h3 {
    font-family: 'Space Grotesk', sans-serif;
    font-size: 1.25rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--primary-dark);
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    padding-bottom: 0.75rem;
    border-bottom: 2px solid var(--border);
}

.filter-section .search-input {
    width: 100%;
    padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    font-size: 1rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.filter-section .search-input:focus {
    outline: none;
    border-color: var(--primary-terracotta);
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(205, 127, 50, 0.1);
}

.filter-tags {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    max-height: 300px;
    overflow-y: auto;
}

.filter-tag {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
    background: var(--gray-50);
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.filter-tag:hover {
    background: var(--primary-terracotta);
    color: white;
    border-color: var(--primary-terracotta);
}

.filter-tag.active {
    background: var(--primary-terracotta);
    color: white;
    border-color: var(--primary-terracotta);
}

.filter-tag-count {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
    padding: 0.125rem 0.5rem;
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.filter-dropdown {
    width: 100%;
    padding: 0.75rem 1rem;
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    font-size: 1rem;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    background: white;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.filter-dropdown:focus {
    outline: none;
    border-color: var(--primary-terracotta);
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(205, 127, 50, 0.1);
}

/* Layout with Filter Sidebar */
.content-with-filters {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 350px 1fr;
    gap: 3rem;
    align-items: start;
    margin-top: 2rem;
}

@media (max-width: 1024px) {
    .content-with-filters {
        grid-template-columns: 320px 1fr;
        gap: 2.5rem;
    }
    
    .filter-section {
        position: static;
        max-height: none;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 1024px) {
    .content-with-filters {
        grid-template-columns: 320px 1fr;
        gap: 2.5rem;
    }
    
    .filter-section {
        order: -1;
        position: static;
        max-height: none;
    }
    
    .container {
        padding: 3rem 3rem;
    }
    
    .card {
        padding: 2rem;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
    .content-with-filters {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 2rem;
    }
    
    .filter-section {
        position: static;
        max-height: none;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .content-with-filters {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 1.5rem;
    }
    
    .filter-section {
        padding: 1.5rem;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    html {
        font-size: 15px;
    }
    
    .container {
        padding: 2rem 2rem;
    }
    
    .header-content {
        padding: 2rem 2rem 1.5rem;
    }
    
    .nav-container {
        justify-content: flex-start;
        flex-wrap: nowrap;
        overflow-x: auto;
        gap: 0.4rem;
        padding-top: 0.4rem;
        padding-bottom: 0.4rem;
        padding-left: 1rem;
        padding-right: 1rem;
        min-height: 56px;
        scrollbar-width: none;
        -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
        scroll-snap-type: x proximity;
    }

    .nav-container::-webkit-scrollbar {
        display: none;
    }
    
    /* Ensure buttons meet 44px touch target on mobile */
    .btn {
        min-height: 44px;
        padding: 0.875rem 1.5rem;
        font-size: 1rem;
    }
    
    .nav-container a {
        min-height: 44px;
        display: inline-flex;
        align-items: center;
        justify-content: center;
        white-space: nowrap;
        padding: 0.6rem 0.9rem;
        font-size: 0.92rem;
        line-height: 1;
        scroll-snap-align: center;
    }
    
    .hero {
        padding: 3rem 1.5rem;
        border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    }
    
    .card {
        padding: 1.5rem;
        margin-bottom: 2rem;
    }
    
    .card h2 {
        font-size: 1.75rem;
    }
    
    .timeline::before {
        left: 20px;
    }
    
    .timeline-item {
        width: calc(100% - 50px);
        margin-left: 50px !important;
    }
    
    .timeline-item::before {
        left: -36px !important;
    }
    
    .grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 1.5rem;
    }
    
    .stats-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
    
    .data-table {
        font-size: 0.85rem;
    }
    
    .data-table th,
    .data-table td {
        padding: 1rem;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
    html {
        font-size: 14px;
    }
    
    .header-content {
        padding: 2.5rem 1rem;
    }
    
    .hero {
        padding: 2.5rem 1rem;
    }
    
    .card {
        padding: 1.25rem;
        margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    }
    
    .btn {
        padding: 0.75rem 1.5rem;
        font-size: 0.9rem;
    }
    
    .stat-card h3 {
        font-size: 2rem;
    }
    
    .heritage-visual {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
        gap: 1rem !important;
    }
    
    .nav-container a {
        font-size: 0.85rem;
        padding: 0.5rem 0.85rem;
    }
}

/* Print Styles */
@media print {
    .nav-container,
    footer,
    .btn,
    .breadcrumb {
        display: none;
    }
    
    .card {
        page-break-inside: avoid;
        box-shadow: none;
        border: 1px solid #ddd;
    }
    
    body {
        background: white;
    }
    
    .hero {
        background: #f5f5f5 !important;
        color: #000 !important;
    }
}

/* Animations */
@keyframes fadeInUp {
    from {
        opacity: 0;
        transform: translateY(30px);
    }
    to {
        opacity: 1;
        transform: translateY(0);
    }
}

.card, .timeline-item {
    animation: fadeInUp 0.6s ease-out;
}

/* Typography */
.highlight {
    background: linear-gradient(120deg, transparent 0%, var(--accent-color) 0%, var(--accent-color) 100%, transparent 100%);
    background-size: 100% 30%;
    background-repeat: no-repeat;
    background-position: 0 85%;
    padding: 0 0.2rem;
}

.text-center {
    text-align: center;
}

.text-large {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
}

.mb-2 {
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

/* Visual Elements */
.map-container, .argan-landscape, .genetic-diagram, .phylogenetic-tree {
    margin: 2rem 0;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    overflow: hidden;
}

.map-container svg, .argan-landscape svg, .genetic-diagram svg, .phylogenetic-tree svg {
    display: block;
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.map-container:hover svg, .argan-landscape:hover svg, 
.genetic-diagram:hover svg, .phylogenetic-tree:hover svg {
    transform: scale(1.02);
}

/* Geographic and genetic visualization styles */
.region-map text, .genetic-diagram text, .phylogenetic-tree text {
    font-family: 'Lexend', sans-serif;
}

.genetic-diagram {
    background: var(--card-background);
    padding: 1rem;
}

.phylogenetic-tree {
    background: var(--card-background);
    padding: 1rem;
}

/* Chart Containers */
.chart-container {
    position: relative;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 450px;
    margin-left: auto;
    margin-right: auto;
    height: 320px;
    max-height: 350px;
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
    .chart-container {
        height: 384px;
        max-height: 400px;
    }
}

/* Timeline Enhancements */
.timeline-item::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    left: -35px;
    top: 50%;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    width: 20px;
    height: 20px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background-color: var(--primary-color);
    border: 4px solid var(--background-color);
    z-index: 1;
}

/* Flow Arrows */
.flow-arrow {
    font-size: 2.5rem;
    line-height: 1;
    color: var(--primary-color);
    transform: translateY(20px);
    transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

@media (max-width: 767px) {
    .flow-arrow {
        transform: rotate(90deg) translateY(0px);
        margin: 0.5rem 0;
    }
}

/* Interactive cards */
.interactive-card {
    transition: transform 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s ease;
}

.interactive-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 25px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.15);
}

/* Heritage map styling */
.heritage-map {
    margin: 2rem 0;
    text-align: center;
}

.heritage-map svg {
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    transition: transform 0.3s ease;
}

.heritage-map svg:hover {
    transform: scale(1.01);
}

/* Breadcrumb Navigation - duplicate removed, using main breadcrumb styles above */



/* SEO and Accessibility Improvements */
img[alt] {
    max-width: 100%;
    height: auto;
}

/* Skip to main content link for accessibility */
.skip-to-main {
    position: absolute;
    top: -40px;
    left: 6px;
    background: var(--primary-color);
    color: white;
    padding: 8px;
    text-decoration: none;
    border-radius: 4px;
    z-index: 1000;
    transition: top 0.3s ease;
}

.skip-to-main:focus {
    top: 6px;
}

/* Skip link - alternate class name for same functionality */
.skip-link {
    position: absolute;
    top: -40px;
    left: 6px;
    background: #CD7F32;
    color: white;
    padding: 8px;
    text-decoration: none;
    border-radius: 4px;
    z-index: 1000;
    transition: top 0.3s ease;
}

.skip-link:focus {
    top: 6px;
}

/* Enhanced focus indicators for accessibility */
a:focus,
button:focus,
input:focus,
textarea:focus,
select:focus {
    outline: 2px solid var(--secondary-color);
    outline-offset: 2px;
}

/* Contact Form Styling */
.contact-form {
    max-width: 800px;
    margin: 0 auto;
}

.form-group {
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.form-group label {
    display: block;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--text-color);
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
}

.form-group input,
.form-group select,
.form-group textarea {
    width: 100%;
    padding: 0.75rem;
    border: 2px solid #e5e7eb;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    font-family: inherit;
    font-size: 1rem;
    transition: border-color 0.3s ease, box-shadow 0.3s ease;
    background-color: var(--background-color);
    color: var(--text-color);
}

.form-group input:focus,
.form-group select:focus,
.form-group textarea:focus {
    outline: none;
    border-color: var(--primary-color);
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(17, 138, 178, 0.1);
}

.form-group input.error,
.form-group select.error,
.form-group textarea.error {
    border-color: #ef4444;
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 3px rgba(239, 68, 68, 0.1);
}

.form-help {
    display: block;
    margin-top: 0.25rem;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    color: var(--muted-color);
    font-style: italic;
}

.checkbox-label {
    display: flex;
    align-items: flex-start;
    cursor: pointer;
    font-weight: 400 !important;
    line-height: 1.5;
    gap: 0.5rem;
}

.checkbox-label input[type="checkbox"] {
    width: auto;
    margin: 0;
    accent-color: var(--primary-color);
}

.form-actions {
    display: flex;
    gap: 1rem;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    margin: 2rem 0;
}

.btn-primary {
    background: #CD7F32;
    color: white;
    border: 2px solid #CD7F32;
    padding: 0.75rem 1.5rem;
    border-radius: 4px;
    font-weight: 600;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all 0.2s ease;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-family: inherit;
    font-size: 1rem;
}

.btn-primary:hover {
    background: #B8722D;
    border-color: #B8722D;
    transform: translateY(-1px);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(205, 127, 50, 0.3);
}

.btn-primary:disabled {
    opacity: 0.5;
    cursor: not-allowed;
    transform: none;
    box-shadow: none;
}

.form-note {
    background: linear-gradient(to bottom right, rgba(226, 163, 107, 0.08), rgba(204, 142, 53, 0.08));
    border: 1px solid rgba(204, 142, 53, 0.2);
    padding: 1.5rem;
    border-radius: 4px;
    margin-top: 2rem;
}

.form-note p {
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    color: #555;
    line-height: 1.6;
}

.form-note a {
    color: #CD7F32;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.form-note p:last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

/* Contact Methods */
.contact-method {
    background: linear-gradient(to bottom right, rgba(205, 127, 50, 0.03), rgba(204, 142, 53, 0.06));
    padding: 2rem 1.5rem;
    border-radius: 4px;
    border: 1px solid rgba(205, 127, 50, 0.15);
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
    transition: transform 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease;
}

.contact-method::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    right: 0;
    width: 80px;
    height: 80px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(205, 127, 50, 0.08), transparent);
    border-radius: 0 0 0 100%;
}

.contact-method:hover {
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(205, 127, 50, 0.15);
}

.contact-method h3 {
    color: #CD7F32;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    font-size: 1.125rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
}

.contact-method a {
    color: #CD7F32;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 500;
    transition: color 0.2s ease;
}

.contact-method a:hover {
    color: #CC8E35;
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.privacy-notice {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(255, 209, 102, 0.1), rgba(239, 68, 68, 0.05));
    border-left: none;
}

.privacy-notice h2 {
    color: #d97706;
}

/* Success Message */
.success-alert {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #d4edda, #c3e6cb);
    border: 2px solid #28a745;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    padding: 2rem;
    margin: 2rem 0;
    text-align: center;
    animation: fadeIn 0.5s ease-in;
}

.success-alert h3 {
    color: #155724;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    font-size: 1.5rem;
}

.success-alert p {
    color: #155724;
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    line-height: 1.6;
}

@keyframes fadeIn {
    from { opacity: 0; transform: translateY(-10px); }
    to { opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0); }
}

/* Responsive Contact Form */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .form-actions {
        flex-direction: column;
    }
    
    .btn-primary,
    .btn-outline {
        width: 100%;
        justify-content: center;
    }
    
    .contact-method {
        margin-bottom: 1rem;
    }
}

/* Print styles for SEO */
@media print {
    .nav-container,
    .breadcrumb,
    footer,
    .contact-form {
        display: none;
    }
    
    .container {
        max-width: none;
        margin: 0;
        padding: 0;
    }
    
    .card {
        break-inside: avoid;
        margin-bottom: 1rem;
    }
    
    .contact-method {
        break-inside: avoid;
        margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    }
}

/* Statistics Display */
.stat-number {
    font-size: 4rem;
    font-weight: 900;
    color: var(--primary-color);
    line-height: 1;
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .stat-number {
        font-size: 3rem;
    }
}

/* Migration Path Styling */
.migration-path {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 1rem;
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
    .migration-path {
        flex-direction: row;
        align-items: center;
        justify-content: space-around;
    }
}

.migration-step {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--background-color), #e5e7eb);
    padding: 1.5rem;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    text-align: center;
    position: relative;
}

.migration-step.current {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--highlight-color), #fbbf24);
    color: var(--secondary-color);
    font-weight: bold;
}

.migration-step h4 {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.migration-step p {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.migration-step .date {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    opacity: 0.7;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

/* Genetics Page Specific Styles */
.hero-genetics {
    background: var(--surface);
    color: var(--text-primary);
    padding: 2.5rem;
    text-align: left;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.genetics-hero-banner {
    margin: -2.5rem -2.5rem 2rem -2.5rem;
    min-height: 300px;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
    border-radius: 6px 6px 0 0;
}

.genetics-hero-banner-image {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    min-height: 300px;
    object-fit: cover;
    display: block;
}

.genetics-hero-banner-overlay {
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    background:
        linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(17, 24, 39, 0.35) 0%, rgba(17, 24, 39, 0.55) 100%),
        linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(205, 127, 50, 0.25) 0%, rgba(204, 142, 53, 0.15) 100%);
}

.genetics-hero-banner-content {
    position: absolute;
    inset-inline: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    padding: 2rem;
    text-align: center;
    z-index: 2;
}

.genetics-hero-title {
    color: #fff;
    margin: 0;
    font-size: clamp(1.6rem, 3vw, 2rem);
    font-family: 'Space Grotesk', sans-serif;
    text-wrap: balance;
}

.genetics-stats-grid {
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(220px, 1fr));
    gap: 1.25rem;
    margin: 2.5rem 0 0;
}

.genetics-stat-card {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #ffffff 0%, #f8fafc 100%);
    border: 1px solid rgba(148, 163, 184, 0.28);
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    padding: 1.5rem 1.25rem;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.genetics-stat-card::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0 auto auto 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 3px;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--primary-terracotta), var(--accent-ochre));
}

.genetics-stat-value {
    font-family: 'Space Grotesk', sans-serif;
    font-size: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 2.6rem);
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--primary-dark);
    line-height: 1;
    margin-bottom: 0.55rem;
}

.genetics-stat-label {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    color: #7c3f12;
    margin-bottom: 0.7rem;
}

.genetics-stat-title {
    font-size: 1.08rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--text-primary);
    margin-bottom: 0.45rem;
}

.genetics-stat-copy {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: #4b5563;
    line-height: 1.5;
}

.dna-animation {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    opacity: 0.2;
    pointer-events: none;
}

.floating-dna {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
}

.stats-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(150px, 1fr));
    gap: 1rem;
    margin-top: 2rem;
}

.stat-card {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.1);
    padding: 1rem;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
    border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
}

.stat-card h3 {
    font-size: 2rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
}

.timeline-evolution {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 2rem;
    margin: 2rem 0;
}

.evolution-step {
    display: flex;
    gap: 2rem;
    align-items: center;
    padding: 2rem;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f8fafc, #e2e8f0);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    position: relative;
}

.evolution-step:nth-child(even) {
    flex-direction: row-reverse;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #fef3c7, #fde68a);
}

.evolution-year {
    flex-shrink: 0;
    width: 120px;
    text-align: center;
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    font-weight: bold;
    color: var(--primary-color);
    background: white;
    padding: 1rem;
    border-radius: 50px;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

.evolution-content h3 {
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    color: var(--secondary-color);
}

.tech-breakthrough {
    margin-top: 3rem;
    padding: 2rem;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent-color), #34d399);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    color: white;
}

.tech-card {
    background: linear-gradient(to bottom right, rgba(205, 127, 50, 0.03), rgba(204, 142, 53, 0.06));
    padding: 2rem 1.5rem;
    border-radius: 4px;
    border: 1px solid rgba(205, 127, 50, 0.15);
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.tech-card::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    right: 0;
    width: 80px;
    height: 80px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(205, 127, 50, 0.08), transparent);
    border-radius: 0 0 0 100%;
}

.tech-card h4 {
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
    font-size: 1.125rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #CD7F32;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
}

.tech-card p {
    color: #555;
    line-height: 1.6;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.tech-card ul {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
    padding-left: 1.25rem;
    color: #666;
    line-height: 1.8;
}

.tech-card li {
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.discovery-showcase {
    margin: 2rem 0;
}

.discovery-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(300px, 1fr));
    gap: 1.5rem;
    margin-top: 2rem;
}

.discovery-card {
    background: linear-gradient(to bottom right, rgba(205, 127, 50, 0.03), rgba(204, 142, 53, 0.06));
    padding: 2rem 1.5rem;
    border-radius: 4px;
    border: 1px solid rgba(205, 127, 50, 0.15);
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.discovery-card::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    right: 0;
    width: 80px;
    height: 80px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(205, 127, 50, 0.08), transparent);
    border-radius: 0 0 0 100%;
}

.discovery-card h4 {
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    color: #CD7F32;
    font-size: 1.125rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
}

.discovery-card p {
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    color: #555;
    line-height: 1.6;
}

.discovery-card p strong {
    color: #8B4513;
}

.method-explanation {
    margin: 2rem 0;
}

.method-card {
    background: linear-gradient(to bottom right, rgba(204, 142, 53, 0.03), rgba(210, 105, 30, 0.06));
    padding: 2rem 1.5rem;
    border-radius: 4px;
    border: 1px solid rgba(204, 142, 53, 0.15);
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.method-card::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    right: 0;
    width: 80px;
    height: 80px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(204, 142, 53, 0.08), transparent);
    border-radius: 0 0 0 100%;
}

.method-card h4 {
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
    color: #CC8E35;
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 1.125rem;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
}

.method-card p {
    color: #555;
    line-height: 1.6;
}

.haplogroup-explanation {
    margin: 2rem 0;
}

.haplogroup-type {
    background: linear-gradient(to bottom right, rgba(210, 105, 30, 0.03), rgba(139, 69, 19, 0.06));
    padding: 2rem 1.5rem;
    border-radius: 4px;
    border: 1px solid rgba(210, 105, 30, 0.15);
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.haplogroup-type::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    right: 0;
    width: 80px;
    height: 80px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(210, 105, 30, 0.08), transparent);
    border-radius: 0 0 0 100%;
}

.haplogroup-type h4 {
    color: #D2691E;
    font-weight: 700;
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
    font-size: 1.125rem;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 1;
}

.haplogroup-type p {
    color: #555;
    line-height: 1.6;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.haplogroup-type ul {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
    padding-left: 1.25rem;
    color: #666;
    line-height: 1.8;
}
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.haplogroup-type h4 {
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    color: var(--secondary-color);
    font-size: 1.3rem;
}

.haplogroup-type ul {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
}

.haplogroup-type li {
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    padding-left: 1rem;
    position: relative;
}

.migration-timeline {
    margin: 2rem 0;
}

.migration-event {
    display: flex;
    gap: 2rem;
    align-items: flex-start;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    padding: 1.5rem;
    background: white;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    position: relative;
}

.migration-event::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    left: -1rem;
    top: 2rem;
    width: 3px;
    height: calc(100% + 2rem);
    background: linear-gradient(to bottom, var(--primary-color), var(--accent-color));
}

.migration-event:last-child::before {
    height: 50%;
}

.migration-date {
    flex-shrink: 0;
    width: 100px;
    text-align: center;
    font-weight: bold;
    color: var(--primary-color);
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--highlight-color), #fbbf24);
    padding: 0.5rem;
    border-radius: 20px;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.migration-content h4 {
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    color: var(--secondary-color);
}

.migration-content p {
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.migration-content p strong {
    color: var(--primary-color);
}

.dating-methods {
    margin: 2rem 0;
}

.method-detailed {
    background: white;
    padding: 2rem;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    border-top: 4px solid var(--primary-color);
}

.method-detailed h4 {
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    color: var(--secondary-color);
    font-size: 1.3rem;
}

.formula-box {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f0f9ff, #e0f2fe);
    padding: 1.5rem;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    border-left: none;
    margin-top: 1rem;
}

.formula-box p strong {
    color: var(--secondary-color);
}

.case-study {
    margin: 2rem 0;
    padding: 2rem;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #fef7cd, #fef3c7);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

.case-study-content {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(250px, 1fr));
    gap: 2rem;
    margin: 1.5rem 0;
}

.case-data, .case-analysis {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
    padding: 1.5rem;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
}

.case-conclusion {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
    padding: 1.5rem;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    border-left: none;
    margin-top: 1.5rem;
}

.future-applications {
    margin: 2rem 0;
}

.future-card {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f3e8ff, #e9d5ff);
    padding: 2rem;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    border-top: 4px solid var(--accent-color);
}

.future-card h4 {
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    color: var(--secondary-color);
    font-size: 1.2rem;
}

.future-card ul {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
}

.future-card li {
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    padding-left: 1rem;
    position: relative;
}

.future-card li::before {
    content: '🔬';
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
}

.impact-statement {
    margin: 3rem 0;
    text-align: center;
}

.impact-points {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(250px, 1fr));
    gap: 2rem;
    margin-top: 2rem;
}

.impact-point {
    background: white;
    padding: 2rem;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    text-align: left;
    border-top: 4px solid var(--accent-color);
}

.impact-point h4 {
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    color: var(--secondary-color);
}

.chart-container {
    height: 400px;
    margin: 2rem 0;
    background: white;
    padding: 1rem;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

.chart-container canvas {
    max-width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
}

/* Responsive Design for Genetics Page */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .evolution-step {
        flex-direction: column !important;
        text-align: center;
    }
    
    .evolution-year {
        width: 100px;
        font-size: 1rem;
    }
    
    .migration-event {
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 1rem;
    }
    
    .migration-date {
        width: 80px;
        font-size: 0.8rem;
    }
    
    .stats-grid {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    }
    
    .chart-container {
        height: 300px;
    }
}

/* Culture Page Specific Styles */
.hero-culture {
    background: white;
    padding: 2.5rem;
    position: relative;
}

.hero-culture h2 {
    color: #3E2723;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.cultural-symbols {
    display: none;
}

.cultural-symbols .symbol {
    display: none;
}

.cultural-symbols .symbol:nth-child(2) {
    animation-delay: -2s;
}

.cultural-symbols .symbol:nth-child(3) {
    animation-delay: -4s;
}

.cultural-symbols .symbol:nth-child(4) {
    animation-delay: -6s;
}

@keyframes float {
    0%, 100% {
        transform: translateY(0px);
    }
    50% {
        transform: translateY(-20px);
    }
}

.cultural-stats {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(200px, 1fr));
    gap: 1rem;
    margin-top: 2rem;
}

.timeline-container {
    position: relative;
    margin: 2rem 0;
}

.timeline-container::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    left: 50px;
    top: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    width: 4px;
    background: linear-gradient(to bottom, var(--primary-color), var(--accent-color));
}

.historical-period {
    display: flex;
    gap: 2rem;
    margin-bottom: 3rem;
    position: relative;
}

.historical-period::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    left: 42px;
    top: 1rem;
    width: 20px;
    height: 20px;
    background: var(--highlight-color);
    border-radius: 50%;
    border: 4px solid white;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

.period-date {
    flex-shrink: 0;
    width: 120px;
    text-align: center;
    font-weight: bold;
    color: var(--primary-color);
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--highlight-color), #fbbf24);
    padding: 0.75rem;
    border-radius: 20px;
    height: fit-content;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

.period-content {
    flex: 1;
    background: white;
    padding: 2rem;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    border-left: none;
}

.period-content h3 {
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    color: var(--secondary-color);
}

.period-content ul {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 1rem 0;
}

.period-content li {
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    padding-left: 1rem;
    position: relative;
}

.period-content li::before {
    content: '•';
    color: var(--primary-color);
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
}

.cultural-impact {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f0f9ff, #e0f2fe);
    padding: 1rem;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    margin-top: 1rem;
    border-left: none;
    font-style: italic;
}

.language-overview {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(300px, 1fr));
    gap: 2rem;
    margin: 2rem 0;
}

.language-stats {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #fef7cd, #fef3c7);
    padding: 2rem;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    border-top: 4px solid var(--highlight-color);
}

.language-stats ul {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
}

.language-stats li {
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
    padding: 0.5rem;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.5);
    border-radius: 8px;
}

.language-features {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #ecfdf5, #d1fae5);
    padding: 2rem;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    border-top: 4px solid var(--accent-color);
}

.feature-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(200px, 1fr));
    gap: 1rem;
    margin-top: 1rem;
}

.feature-card {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
    padding: 1rem;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    text-align: center;
}

.feature-card h4 {
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    color: var(--secondary-color);
}

.language-examples {
    margin: 2rem 0;
}

.expression-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(250px, 1fr));
    gap: 1.5rem;
    margin-top: 1rem;
}

.expression-card {
    background: linear-gradient(135def, #ede9fe, #ddd6fe);
    padding: 1.5rem;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    text-align: center;
}

.expression-card .tachelhit {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    font-weight: bold;
    color: var(--primary-color);
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.expression-card .transliteration {
    font-style: italic;
    color: var(--secondary-color);
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.expression-card .translation {
    font-weight: bold;
    color: var(--text-color);
}

.customs-overview {
    margin: 2rem 0;
}

.governance-explanation {
    margin: 1.5rem 0;
}

.governance-card {
    background: white;
    padding: 1.5rem;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    border-left: none;
}

.governance-card h4 {
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    color: var(--secondary-color);
}

.governance-card ul {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
}

.governance-card li {
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    padding-left: 1rem;
    position: relative;
}

.governance-card li::before {
    content: '✓';
    color: var(--accent-color);
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    font-weight: bold;
}

.social-ceremonies {
    margin: 3rem 0;
}

.ceremony-timeline {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr));
    gap: 2rem;
    margin-top: 2rem;
}

.ceremony-card {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #fef7cd, #fef3c7);
    padding: 2rem;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    border-top: 4px solid var(--highlight-color);
}

.ceremony-card h4 {
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    color: var(--secondary-color);
}

.ceremony-card ul {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
}

.ceremony-card li {
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
    padding: 0.5rem;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6);
    border-radius: 8px;
}

.influences-overview {
    margin: 2rem 0;
}

.influence-timeline {
    margin: 2rem 0;
}

.influence-period {
    margin-bottom: 3rem;
    padding: 2rem;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f8fafc, #e2e8f0);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

.influence-period h3 {
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    color: var(--secondary-color);
    border-bottom: 3px solid var(--primary-color);
    padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.influence-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(250px, 1fr));
    gap: 1.5rem;
    margin-top: 1.5rem;
}

.influence-aspect {
    background: white;
    padding: 1.5rem;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    border-top: 4px solid var(--accent-color);
}

.influence-aspect h4 {
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    color: var(--secondary-color);
}

.influence-aspect ul {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
}

.influence-aspect li {
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    padding-left: 1rem;
    position: relative;
}

.influence-aspect li::before {
    content: '→';
    color: var(--primary-color);
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    font-weight: bold;
}

.culinary-timeline {
    margin: 2rem 0;
}

.food-era {
    margin: 2rem 0;
    padding: 2rem;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #fff7ed, #fed7aa);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

.traditional-foods, .new-world-foods, .modern-synthesis {
    margin-top: 1.5rem;
}

.revolution-intro {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8);
    padding: 1.5rem;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    border-left: none;
    font-style: italic;
}

.food-category {
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.food-category h4 {
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    color: var(--secondary-color);
    font-size: 1.3rem;
}

.food-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(200px, 1fr));
    gap: 1rem;
}

.food-item {
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
    padding: 1rem;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
}

.food-item h5 {
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    color: var(--primary-color);
    font-weight: bold;
}

.food-item p {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.fusion-categories {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(300px, 1fr));
    gap: 2rem;
    margin-top: 1.5rem;
}

.fusion-card {
    background: white;
    padding: 2rem;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    border-left: none;
}

.fusion-card h4 {
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    color: var(--secondary-color);
}

.fusion-card ul {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
}

.fusion-card li {
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
    padding: 0.5rem;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f0f9ff, #e0f2fe);
    border-radius: 8px;
}

.culinary-chart-container {
    height: 400px;
    margin: 2rem 0;
    background: white;
    padding: 1rem;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

.culinary-chart-container canvas {
    max-width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
}

.modern-culture {
    margin: 2rem 0;
}

.synthesis-aspects {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(400px, 1fr));
    gap: 2rem;
    margin-top: 2rem;
}

.aspect-card {
    background: white;
    padding: 2rem;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    border-top: 4px solid var(--primary-color);
}

.aspect-card h4 {
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    color: var(--secondary-color);
}

.challenge-solution {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 1rem;
}

.challenge, .solution {
    padding: 1rem;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
}

.challenge {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #fef2f2, #fecaca);
    border-left: none;
}

.solution {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #f0fdf4, #bbf7d0);
    border-left: none;
}

.challenge h5, .solution h5 {
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    font-weight: bold;
}

.challenge ul, .solution ul {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.challenge li, .solution li {
    margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
    padding-left: 1rem;
    position: relative;
}

.challenge li::before {
    content: '⚠️';
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
}

.solution li::before {
    content: '✅';
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
}

.cultural-continuity {
    margin: 3rem 0;
}

.continuity-elements {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(250px, 1fr));
    gap: 2rem;
    margin-top: 2rem;
}

.continuity-card {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #ede9fe, #ddd6fe);
    padding: 2rem;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    text-align: center;
    border-top: 4px solid var(--accent-color);
}

.continuity-card h4 {
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    color: var(--secondary-color);
}

/* Responsive Design for Culture Page */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .timeline-container::before {
        left: 20px;
    }
    
    .historical-period::before {
        left: 12px;
    }
    
    .historical-period {
        flex-direction: column;
        padding-left: 50px;
    }
    
    .period-date {
        width: 100px;
        align-self: flex-start;
    }
    
    .challenge-solution {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
    
    .synthesis-aspects {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
    
    .cultural-stats {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    }
    
    .culinary-chart-container {
        height: 300px;
    }
}

/* ========================================
   ADVANCED SCIENTIFIC COMPONENTS
   ======================================== */

/* Discovery Showcase Grid */
.discovery-showcase,
.discovery-grid {
    margin: 2.5rem 0;
}

.discovery-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr));
    gap: 1.5rem;
}

.discovery-card {
    background: var(--surface);
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    padding: 1.75rem;
    transition: var(--transition);
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.discovery-card::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 3px;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--genetic-helix), var(--accent-emerald));
}

.discovery-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-5px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-xl);
    border-color: var(--genetic-helix);
}

.discovery-card h4 {
    font-family: 'Space Grotesk', sans-serif;
    color: var(--primary-dark);
    font-size: 1.15rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.discovery-card p {
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    margin: 0.5rem 0;
    line-height: 1.6;
}

.discovery-card strong {
    color: var(--text-primary);
    font-weight: 600;
}

/* Method Cards */
.method-explanation,
.method-card,
.tech-breakthrough {
    margin: 2rem 0;
}

.tech-card,
.method-card {
    background: var(--surface);
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    padding: 2rem;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.tech-card:hover,
.method-card:hover {
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
    border-color: var(--accent-teal);
}

.tech-card h4,
.method-card h4 {
    font-family: 'Space Grotesk', sans-serif;
    color: var(--primary-navy);
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    font-size: 1.2rem;
}

.tech-card ul,
.method-card ul {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin-top: 1rem;
}

.tech-card li,
.method-card li {
    padding: 0.5rem 0;
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    display: flex;
    align-items: start;
    gap: 0.5rem;
}

/* Evolution Timeline */
.timeline-evolution,
.evolution-step {
    margin: 2rem 0;
}

.evolution-step {
    background: var(--surface);
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-left: none;
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    padding: 2rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.evolution-step:hover {
    border-left-color: var(--accent-teal);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
    transform: translateX(5px);
}

.evolution-year {
    font-family: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace;
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--primary-blue);
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.evolution-content h3 {
    font-family: 'Space Grotesk', sans-serif;
    color: var(--primary-dark);
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.evolution-content p {
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    margin: 0.5rem 0;
}

/* Haplogroup Cards */
.haplogroup-explanation,
.haplogroup-type {
    margin: 2rem 0;
}

.haplogroup-type {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--gray-50), #FFFFFF);
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    padding: 2rem;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.haplogroup-type:hover {
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
    background: #FFFFFF;
}

.haplogroup-type h4 {
    font-family: 'Space Grotesk', sans-serif;
    color: var(--primary-navy);
    font-size: 1.3rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

/* Migration Timeline */
.migration-timeline,
.migration-event {
    margin: 2rem 0;
}

.migration-event {
    display: flex;
    gap: 2rem;
    background: var(--surface);
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    padding: 2rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    transition: var(--transition);
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.migration-event::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    top: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    width: 4px;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--accent-teal), var(--accent-emerald));
}

.migration-event:hover {
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
    transform: translateY(-3px);
}

.migration-date {
    font-family: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace;
    font-size: 1.25rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--primary-blue);
    min-width: 140px;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.migration-content h4 {
    font-family: 'Space Grotesk', sans-serif;
    color: var(--primary-dark);
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.migration-content p,
.migration-content strong {
    display: block;
    margin: 0.5rem 0;
}

.migration-content strong {
    color: var(--text-primary);
}

/* Hero Genetics */
.hero-genetics,
.hero-culture {
    text-align: center;
    position: relative;
}

.dna-animation,
.cultural-symbols {
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    right: 5%;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    opacity: 0.3;
    pointer-events: none;
}

.cultural-symbols {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 1rem;
    font-size: 3rem;
}

.floating-dna {
    animation: dna-float 8s ease-in-out infinite;
}

@keyframes dna-float {
    0%, 100% { transform: translateY(0) rotate(0deg); }
    25% { transform: translateY(-10px) rotate(2deg); }
    50% { transform: translateY(-5px) rotate(-2deg); }
    75% { transform: translateY(-12px) rotate(1deg); }
}

/* Cultural and Historical Periods */
.historical-period,
.period-content {
    margin: 2rem 0;
}

.historical-period {
    display: flex;
    gap: 2rem;
    background: var(--surface);
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    padding: 2rem;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    transition: var(--transition);
    position: relative;
}

.historical-period::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    left: 0;
    top: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    width: 5px;
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--accent-amber), var(--accent-emerald));
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg) 0 0 var(--radius-lg);
}

.historical-period:hover {
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
    transform: translateY(-2px);
}

.period-date {
    font-family: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace;
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--accent-amber);
    min-width: 150px;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.period-content h3 {
    font-family: 'Space Grotesk', sans-serif;
    color: var(--primary-dark);
    font-size: 1.4rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.cultural-impact {
    background: var(--gray-50);
    border-left: none;
    padding: 1rem;
    margin-top: 1rem;
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm);
}

.cultural-impact strong {
    color: var(--primary-navy);
}

/* Impact Points */
.impact-points {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(250px, 1fr));
    gap: 1.5rem;
    margin: 2rem 0;
}

.impact-point {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--gray-50), #FFFFFF);
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    padding: 2rem;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.impact-point:hover {
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-lg);
    transform: translateY(-3px);
}

.impact-point h4 {
    font-family: 'Space Grotesk', sans-serif;
    color: var(--primary-navy);
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

/* Responsive Adjustments for Scientific Components */
@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .migration-event {
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 1rem;
    }
    
    .migration-date,
    .period-date {
        min-width: auto;
    }
    
    .historical-period {
        flex-direction: column;
    }
    
    .dna-animation,
    .cultural-symbols {
        display: none;
    }
    
    .heritage-visual {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr !important;
    }
    
    .heritage-visual > div > div {
        height: 300px !important;
    }
}

/* ========================================
   DECORATIVE ELEMENTS & DIVIDERS
   ======================================== */

/* Section Divider */
.section-divider {
    height: 1px;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, 
        transparent, 
        var(--border) 20%, 
        var(--border) 80%, 
        transparent
    );
    margin: 4rem 0;
    position: relative;
}

.section-divider::after {
    content: '◆';
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    left: 50%;
    transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
    background: var(--background);
    padding: 0 1rem;
    color: var(--primary-blue);
    font-size: 0.8rem;
}

/* Decorative corner elements */
.card-decorated::before,
.card-decorated::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    width: 20px;
    height: 20px;
    border: 2px solid var(--accent-teal);
}

.card-decorated::before {
    top: -1px;
    left: -1px;
    border-right: none;
    border-bottom: none;
    border-radius: var(--radius-sm) 0 0 0;
}

.card-decorated::after {
    bottom: -1px;
    right: -1px;
    border-left: none;
    border-top: none;
    border-radius: 0 0 var(--radius-sm) 0;
}

/* Accent panels */
.accent-panel {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, 
        rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.05) 0%, 
        rgba(6, 182, 212, 0.05) 100%
    );
    border-left: none;
    padding: 2rem;
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    margin: 2rem 0;
}

.accent-panel-emerald {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, 
        rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.05) 0%, 
        rgba(6, 182, 212, 0.05) 100%
    );
    border-left-color: var(--accent-emerald);
}

.accent-panel-amber {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, 
        rgba(245, 158, 11, 0.05) 0%, 
        rgba(251, 191, 36, 0.05) 100%
    );
    border-left-color: var(--accent-amber);
}

/* Quote/Highlight boxes */
.highlight-box {
    background: var(--surface);
    border: 2px solid var(--border);
    border-left: none;
    padding: 2rem;
    margin: 2rem 0;
    border-radius: var(--radius-md);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
    position: relative;
}

.highlight-box::before {
    content: '"';
    position: absolute;
    top: -20px;
    left: 20px;
    font-size: 4rem;
    color: var(--accent-teal);
    opacity: 0.2;
    font-family: Georgia, serif;
    line-height: 1;
}

/* Badges and labels */
.badge {
    display: inline-block;
    padding: 0.35rem 0.85rem;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--primary-blue), var(--accent-teal));
    color: white;
    border-radius: 50px;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.badge-outline {
    background: transparent;
    border: 2px solid var(--primary-blue);
    color: var(--primary-blue);
}

.badge-emerald {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent-emerald), var(--accent-cyan));
}

.badge-amber {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--accent-amber), #FCD34D);
}

/* Info boxes */
.info-box {
    background: var(--gray-50);
    border-radius: var(--radius-lg);
    padding: 1.5rem;
    margin: 1.5rem 0;
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
}

.info-box-blue {
    background: rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.05);
    border-color: rgba(37, 99, 235, 0.2);
}

.info-box-green {
    background: rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.05);
    border-color: rgba(16, 185, 129, 0.2);
}

.info-box h4 {
    color: var(--primary-navy);
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
}

/* Visual separator with icon */
.visual-separator {
    text-align: center;
    margin: 3rem 0;
    position: relative;
}

.visual-separator::before,
.visual-separator::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    width: 40%;
    height: 1px;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, var(--border), transparent);
}

.visual-separator::before {
    left: 0;
}

.visual-separator::after {
    right: 0;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, transparent, var(--border));
}

.visual-separator-icon {
    display: inline-block;
    padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
    background: var(--background);
    color: var(--primary-blue);
    font-size: 1.5rem;
}

/* ========================================
   UTILITY CLASSES
   ======================================== */

/* Spacing Utilities */
.mb-1 { margin-bottom: 0.5rem; }
.mb-2 { margin-bottom: 1rem; }
.mb-3 { margin-bottom: 1.5rem; }
.mb-4 { margin-bottom: 2rem; }
.mt-1 { margin-top: 0.5rem; }

/* ========================================
   ENGAGEMENT COMPONENTS
   ======================================== */

.editorial-meta {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.75rem;
    margin: 0 0 1.5rem;
}

.editorial-meta .meta-pill {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    padding: 0.45rem 0.75rem;
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-radius: 999px;
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    background: #fff;
}

.updates-cta {
    border-left: 4px solid var(--primary-terracotta);
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(205, 127, 50, 0.08), rgba(204, 142, 53, 0.03));
}

.updates-cta p {
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.related-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(250px, 1fr));
    gap: 1rem;
}

.related-link-card {
    display: block;
    text-decoration: none;
    border: 1px solid var(--border);
    border-top: 3px solid var(--primary-terracotta);
    border-radius: 8px;
    background: #fff;
    padding: 1rem;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.related-link-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
    border-color: rgba(205, 127, 50, 0.3);
}

.related-link-card h4 {
    margin: 0 0 0.5rem;
    color: var(--primary-dark);
    font-family: 'Space Grotesk', sans-serif;
    font-size: 1rem;
}

.related-link-card p {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    line-height: 1.55;
}

/* ========================================
   RESEARCH PAGE COMPONENTS
   ======================================== */

.research-intro-card {
    margin-bottom: 3rem;
    border-top: 3px solid transparent;
    border-image: linear-gradient(90deg, #CD7F32 0%, #CC8E35 50%, #D2691E 100%) 1;
}

.section-kicker-row {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 1rem;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.section-kicker {
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    color: #CC8E35;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.section-kicker-line {
    flex: 1;
    height: 2px;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, #CC8E35, transparent);
}

.research-intro-title {
    font-size: 2rem;
    line-height: 1.2;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    color: #3E2723;
}

.research-intro-gradient {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #CD7F32 0%, #CC8E35 100%);
    -webkit-background-clip: text;
    -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
    background-clip: text;
}

.research-intro-copy {
    color: #475569;
    line-height: 1.7;
    max-width: 800px;
}

.research-controls-card {
    margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
    border-top: 3px solid rgba(205, 127, 50, 0.55);
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(205, 127, 50, 0.04), rgba(204, 142, 53, 0.02));
}

.research-controls-row {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 1rem;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.research-filter-group {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.55rem;
}

.research-filter-btn {
    border: 1px solid rgba(205, 127, 50, 0.35);
    background: #fff;
    color: #8B4513;
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    padding: 0.45rem 0.8rem;
    border-radius: 999px;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.research-filter-btn:hover {
    background: rgba(205, 127, 50, 0.08);
    border-color: rgba(205, 127, 50, 0.7);
}

.research-filter-btn.is-active {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #CD7F32, #CC8E35);
    color: #fff;
    border-color: transparent;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(205, 127, 50, 0.22);
}

.research-sort-label {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.6rem;
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #8B4513;
}

.research-sort-select {
    border: 1px solid rgba(205, 127, 50, 0.35);
    border-radius: 6px;
    padding: 0.42rem 0.55rem;
    background: #fff;
    color: #3E2723;
    font-size: 0.82rem;
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
    .research-sort-label {
        width: 100%;
        justify-content: space-between;
    }
}

.discovery-grid-spaced {
    margin-bottom: 3rem;
}

.discovery-card-plain {
    text-decoration: none;
    display: block;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: transform 0.2s ease, box-shadow 0.2s ease;
}

.discovery-card-copper {
    border-top: 3px solid #CD7F32;
}

.discovery-card-ochre {
    border-top: 3px solid #CC8E35;
}

.discovery-card-clay {
    border-top: 3px solid #D2691E;
}

.discovery-card-sienna {
    border-top: 3px solid #8B4513;
}

.discovery-card-head {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: flex-start;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.discovery-cover-image {
    width: 100%;
    aspect-ratio: 16 / 9;
    object-fit: cover;
    border-radius: 8px;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    border: 1px solid rgba(62, 39, 35, 0.08);
}

.discovery-tag {
    font-size: 0.7rem;
    padding: 0.25rem 0.75rem;
    border-radius: 3px;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
}

.discovery-tag-copper {
    background: rgba(205, 127, 50, 0.12);
    color: #CD7F32;
}

.discovery-tag-ochre {
    background: rgba(204, 142, 53, 0.12);
    color: #CC8E35;
}

.discovery-tag-clay {
    background: rgba(210, 105, 30, 0.12);
    color: #D2691E;
}

.discovery-tag-sienna {
    background: rgba(139, 69, 19, 0.12);
    color: #8B4513;
}

.discovery-date {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    color: #8B7355;
    font-family: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace;
}

.discovery-title {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    color: #3E2723;
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
    line-height: 1.4;
    font-family: 'Space Grotesk', sans-serif;
}

.discovery-summary {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    color: #666;
    line-height: 1.6;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.discovery-cta {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
}

.discovery-cta-label {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.text-copper {
    color: #CD7F32;
}

.text-ochre {
    color: #CC8E35;
}

.text-clay {
    color: #D2691E;
}

.text-sienna {
    color: #8B4513;
}

.research-context-card {
    border-left: 3px solid #CD7F32;
    background: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(205, 127, 50, 0.04), transparent);
}

.research-context-title {
    color: #3E2723;
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.research-context-copy {
    color: #475569;
    line-height: 1.7;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
}

.start-here-intro-card {
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    border-top: 3px solid transparent;
    border-image: linear-gradient(90deg, #CD7F32 0%, #CC8E35 50%, #D2691E 100%) 1;
}

.start-path-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr));
    gap: 1rem;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.start-path-card {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.85rem;
}

.start-path-copper {
    border-top: 3px solid #CD7F32;
}

.start-path-ochre {
    border-top: 3px solid #CC8E35;
}

.start-path-clay {
    border-top: 3px solid #D2691E;
}

.start-path-head {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 1rem;
}

.start-path-tag {
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: #8B4513;
    background: rgba(139, 69, 19, 0.08);
    border: 1px solid rgba(139, 69, 19, 0.16);
    padding: 0.25rem 0.65rem;
    border-radius: 3px;
}

.start-path-time {
    font-family: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace;
    font-size: 0.78rem;
    color: #8B7355;
}

.start-path-title {
    margin: 0;
    color: #3E2723;
}

.start-path-copy {
    margin: 0;
    color: #4B5563;
}

.start-path-list {
    margin: 0;
    padding-left: 1.2rem;
    color: #4B5563;
    line-height: 1.7;
}

.start-path-list a {
    color: inherit;
    text-decoration: underline;
    text-decoration-color: rgba(139, 69, 19, 0.35);
    text-underline-offset: 2px;
}

.start-path-list a:hover {
    color: #8B4513;
}

.glossary-intro-card {
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    border-top: 3px solid transparent;
    border-image: linear-gradient(90deg, #CD7F32 0%, #CC8E35 50%, #D2691E 100%) 1;
}

.glossary-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(260px, 1fr));
    gap: 1rem;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.glossary-term-card {
    border-top: 3px solid #CD7F32;
}

.glossary-term-title {
    margin: 0 0 0.6rem;
    color: #3E2723;
    font-family: 'Space Grotesk', sans-serif;
}

.glossary-term-copy {
    margin: 0;
    color: #4B5563;
    line-height: 1.75;
}

.toc-card {
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    border-top: 3px solid rgba(205, 127, 50, 0.6);
    position: sticky;
    top: 84px;
    z-index: 25;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95);
    backdrop-filter: blur(6px);
    padding: 0.7rem 1rem;
}

.toc-header {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.6rem;
}

.toc-card .toc-title {
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: #3E2723;
}

.toc-list {
    margin: 0.45rem 0 0;
    padding-left: 1.2rem;
    max-height: min(30vh, 300px);
    overflow: auto;
}

.toc-list li {
    margin: 0.35rem 0;
}

.toc-list a {
    color: #4B5563;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.toc-list a:hover {
    color: #8B4513;
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.toc-list a.is-active {
    color: #8B4513;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.toc-toggle {
    border: 1px solid rgba(205, 127, 50, 0.35);
    background: #fff;
    color: #8B4513;
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    padding: 0.2rem 0.55rem;
    border-radius: 999px;
    cursor: pointer;
}

.toc-toggle:hover {
    border-color: rgba(205, 127, 50, 0.7);
    background: rgba(205, 127, 50, 0.08);
}

.toc-card.is-collapsed .toc-list {
    display: none;
}

.toc-card.is-collapsed {
    padding-top: 0.55rem;
    padding-bottom: 0.55rem;
}

main.container.has-reading-aids,
main#main-content.has-reading-aids {
    padding-top: 0;
}

.reading-progress {
    position: fixed;
    top: 60px;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    height: 4px;
    z-index: 2100;
    background: rgba(205, 127, 50, 0.1);
    pointer-events: none;
    opacity: 0;
    transition: opacity 0.2s ease;
}

.reading-progress.is-visible {
    opacity: 1;
}

.reading-progress-bar {
    display: block;
    height: 100%;
    width: 0;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, #CD7F32, #CC8E35, #8B4513);
    transition: width 0.15s ease-out;
}

.back-to-top {
    position: fixed;
    right: 1.1rem;
    bottom: 1.1rem;
    z-index: 2100;
    border: 1px solid rgba(205, 127, 50, 0.5);
    background: #fff;
    color: #8B4513;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    border-radius: 999px;
    padding: 0.45rem 0.85rem;
    cursor: pointer;
    box-shadow: 0 6px 16px rgba(17, 24, 39, 0.12);
    opacity: 0;
    transform: translateY(8px);
    transition: opacity 0.2s ease, transform 0.2s ease, border-color 0.2s ease;
}

.back-to-top:hover {
    border-color: rgba(205, 127, 50, 0.85);
}

.back-to-top.is-visible {
    opacity: 1;
    transform: translateY(0);
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
    .toc-card {
        top: 76px;
        position: relative;
    }

    .reading-progress {
        top: 56px;
    }

    main.container.has-reading-aids,
    main#main-content.has-reading-aids {
        padding-top: 0;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
    .toc-list {
        max-height: min(26vh, 220px);
    }
}

/* ========================================
   ARTICLE PAGE COMPONENTS
   ======================================== */

.article-section {
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.article-hero-media {
    padding: 0;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.article-hero-image {
    width: 100%;
    max-height: 460px;
    object-fit: cover;
    display: block;
}

.map-sites-title {
    margin: 0 0 0.5rem;
}

.map-sites-copy {
    margin: 0 0 1rem;
    color: #4B5563;
}

.map-sites-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(240px, 1fr));
    gap: 1rem;
}

.map-site-item {
    border: 1px solid rgba(62, 39, 35, 0.1);
    border-radius: 8px;
    padding: 1rem;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.75);
}

.map-site-item h4 {
    margin: 0 0 0.45rem;
    color: #3E2723;
}

.map-site-item p {
    margin: 0 0 0.8rem;
    color: #4B5563;
    line-height: 1.55;
}

.map-sites-actions {
    display: flex;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.6rem;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.map-sites-actions-compact {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.article-hero-caption {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0.75rem 1rem 0.9rem;
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    line-height: 1.5;
    color: #6B7280;
    background: rgba(205, 127, 50, 0.05);
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(205, 127, 50, 0.2);
}

.article-map-frame {
    border: 1px solid rgba(205, 127, 50, 0.25);
    border-radius: 8px;
    overflow: hidden;
    background: #fff;
}

.article-map-frame iframe {
    width: 100%;
    height: 420px;
    border: 0;
    display: block;
}

.article-section h3 {
    color: #3E2723;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    font-size: 1.25rem;
}

.article-section p {
    color: #475569;
    line-height: 1.8;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.article-section p:last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.paper-card-copper {
    border-top: 3px solid #CD7F32;
}

.paper-card-sienna {
    border-top: 3px solid #8B4513;
}

.paper-meta-row {
    display: flex;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 1rem;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.paper-badge {
    font-size: 0.7rem;
    padding: 0.25rem 0.75rem;
    border-radius: 3px;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
}

.paper-badge-copper {
    background: rgba(205, 127, 50, 0.12);
    color: #CD7F32;
}

.paper-badge-ochre {
    background: rgba(204, 142, 53, 0.12);
    color: #CC8E35;
}

.paper-badge-clay {
    background: rgba(210, 105, 30, 0.12);
    color: #D2691E;
}

.paper-badge-sienna {
    background: rgba(139, 69, 19, 0.12);
    color: #8B4513;
}

.paper-badge-journal {
    background: rgba(139, 69, 19, 0.1);
    color: #8B4513;
}

.paper-date {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    color: #8B7355;
    font-family: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace;
    margin-left: auto;
}

.paper-title {
    font-size: 1.75rem;
    color: #3E2723;
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
    line-height: 1.3;
}

.paper-citation {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: #666;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    font-family: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace;
}

.paper-actions {
    display: flex;
    gap: 0.75rem;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.paper-doi-link {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    text-decoration: none;
    padding: 0.5rem 1rem;
    border-radius: 4px;
    transition: background 0.2s ease;
}

.paper-doi-copper {
    color: #CD7F32;
    border: 1px solid #CD7F32;
}

.paper-doi-ochre {
    color: #CC8E35;
    border: 1px solid #CC8E35;
}

.paper-doi-clay {
    color: #D2691E;
    border: 1px solid #D2691E;
}

.paper-doi-sienna {
    color: #8B4513;
    border: 1px solid #8B4513;
}

.paper-card-ochre {
    border-top: 3px solid #CC8E35;
}

.paper-card-clay {
    border-top: 3px solid #D2691E;
}

.takeaways-copper {
    border-left: 3px solid #CD7F32;
    background: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(205, 127, 50, 0.04), transparent);
}

.takeaways-ochre {
    border-left: 3px solid #CC8E35;
    background: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(204, 142, 53, 0.04), transparent);
}

.takeaways-clay {
    border-left: 3px solid #D2691E;
    background: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(210, 105, 30, 0.04), transparent);
}

.takeaways-sienna {
    border-left: 3px solid #8B4513;
    background: linear-gradient(to right, rgba(139, 69, 19, 0.04), transparent);
}

.takeaways-list {
    color: #475569;
    line-height: 1.8;
    padding-left: 1.5rem;
}

.takeaways-list li {
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.takeaways-list li:last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
}

.article-nav {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 1rem;
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.article-back-link {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
}

.article-back-copper {
    color: #CD7F32;
}

.article-back-sienna {
    color: #8B4513;
}

.article-nav-actions {
    display: flex;
    gap: 1rem;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.btn-small {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
}

.btn-outline-copper {
    border-color: #CD7F32;
    color: #CD7F32;
}

.btn-outline-ochre {
    border-color: #CC8E35;
    color: #CC8E35;
}

/* ========================================
   HOMEPAGE HERO
   ======================================== */

.home-hero-card {
    margin-bottom: 3rem;
    border-top: 3px solid transparent;
    border-image: linear-gradient(90deg, #CD7F32 0%, #CC8E35 50%, #D2691E 100%) 1;
}

.home-hero-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 2fr 1fr;
    gap: 3rem;
    align-items: center;
}

.home-hero-kicker-row {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 1rem;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.home-hero-kicker {
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    color: #CC8E35;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.1em;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.home-hero-kicker-line {
    flex: 1;
    height: 2px;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, #CC8E35, transparent);
}

.home-hero-title {
    display: block;
    font-size: clamp(1.95rem, 4vw, 2.25rem);
    line-height: 1.2;
    margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
    color: #3E2723;
}

.home-hero-accent {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #CD7F32 0%, #CC8E35 100%);
    -webkit-background-clip: text;
    -webkit-text-fill-color: transparent;
    background-clip: text;
}

.home-hero-copy {
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    color: #475569;
    line-height: 1.7;
}

.home-hero-actions {
    display: flex;
    gap: 1rem;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.home-hero-media {
    position: relative;
}

.home-hero-image {
    width: 100%;
    height: 300px;
    object-fit: cover;
    border-radius: 6px;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.home-hero-meta {
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 1rem;
    left: 1rem;
    right: 1rem;
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95);
    backdrop-filter: blur(10px);
    padding: 1rem;
    border-radius: 4px;
    box-shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

.home-hero-meta-title {
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #1E3A5F;
    margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
}

.home-hero-meta-copy {
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    color: #6B7280;
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
    .home-hero-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 1.5rem;
    }

    .home-hero-actions {
        gap: 0.8rem;
    }

    .home-hero-media {
        order: 2;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
    .home-hero-title {
        font-size: clamp(1.75rem, 7.5vw, 2.1rem);
    }

    .home-hero-actions {
        display: grid;
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }

    .home-hero-actions .btn {
        width: 100%;
        text-align: center;
        justify-content: center;
    }

    .home-hero-image {
        height: 230px;
    }

    .home-hero-meta {
        position: static;
        margin-top: 0.7rem;
    }
}

/* ========================================
   HOMEPAGE MAP FEATURE
   ======================================== */

.home-map-feature {
    margin: 2.5rem 0;
    border: 1px solid rgba(205, 127, 50, 0.2);
    border-radius: 12px;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, rgba(205, 127, 50, 0.05), rgba(204, 142, 53, 0.02));
    padding: 1.25rem;
}

.home-map-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1.1fr 1.6fr;
    gap: 1.25rem;
    align-items: center;
}

.home-map-kicker {
    display: inline-block;
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    color: #8B4513;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    font-weight: 700;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.home-map-title {
    margin: 0 0 0.65rem;
    font-size: 1.35rem;
    color: #3E2723;
    font-family: 'Space Grotesk', sans-serif;
}

.home-map-copy {
    margin: 0;
    color: #475569;
    line-height: 1.7;
}

.home-map-figure {
    margin: 0;
}

.home-map-image {
    width: 100%;
    height: auto;
    display: block;
    border-radius: 10px;
    border: 1px solid rgba(62, 39, 35, 0.12);
    background: #fff;
    box-shadow: 0 10px 24px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.12);
}

.home-map-caption {
    margin-top: 0.65rem;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: #5b6473;
    font-style: italic;
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
    .home-map-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
}

.btn-outline-sienna {
    border-color: #8B4513;
    color: #8B4513;
}
.mt-2 { margin-top: 1rem; }
.mt-3 { margin-top: 1.5rem; }
.mt-4 { margin-top: 2rem; }

.p-1 { padding: 0.5rem; }
.p-2 { padding: 1rem; }
.p-3 { padding: 1.5rem; }
.p-4 { padding: 2rem; }

/* Text Utilities */
.text-center { text-align: center; }
.text-left { text-align: left; }
.text-right { text-align: right; }

.text-primary { color: var(--text-primary); }
.text-secondary { color: var(--text-secondary); }
.text-terracotta { color: var(--primary-terracotta); }

.font-bold { font-weight: 700; }
.font-semibold { font-weight: 600; }
.font-medium { font-weight: 500; }

/* Layout Utilities */
.flex { display: flex; }
.flex-col { flex-direction: column; }
.items-center { align-items: center; }
.justify-center { justify-content: center; }
.justify-between { justify-content: space-between; }
.gap-1 { gap: 0.5rem; }
.gap-2 { gap: 1rem; }
.gap-3 { gap: 1.5rem; }
.gap-4 { gap: 2rem; }

/* Image Caption */
.image-caption {
    font-size: 0.875rem;
    color: var(--text-secondary);
    font-style: italic;
    margin-top: 0.75rem;
    line-height: 1.5;
    text-align: center;
}

.image-container {
    margin: 2rem 0;
}

.image-container img {
    border-radius: 12px;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);
}

/* Genetics page polish overrides */
.card.hero-genetics {
    text-align: left;
}

.card.hero-genetics .text-large {
    color: #374151;
    max-width: 74ch;
}

.card.hero-genetics .genetics-stat-card:nth-child(2) .genetics-stat-value {
    color: #b26f2b;
}

.card.hero-genetics .genetics-stat-card:nth-child(3) .genetics-stat-value {
    color: #9a4b17;
}

.card.hero-genetics .genetics-stat-card:nth-child(4) .genetics-stat-value {
    color: #6b3a1b;
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
    .genetics-hero-banner {
        margin: -2rem -2rem 1.5rem;
        min-height: 260px;
    }

    .genetics-hero-banner-image {
        min-height: 260px;
    }

    .genetics-hero-banner-content {
        padding: 1.5rem 1.25rem;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
    .card.hero-genetics {
        padding: 1.5rem;
    }

    .genetics-hero-banner {
        margin: -1.5rem -1.5rem 1.25rem;
        min-height: 220px;
    }

    .genetics-hero-banner-image {
        min-height: 220px;
    }

    .genetics-hero-title {
        font-size: 1.35rem;
    }

    .genetics-stats-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 0.9rem;
        margin-top: 1.75rem;
    }
}

/* ========================================
   2026 UX POLISH LAYER
   ======================================== */

:root {
    /* Backfill legacy tokens used throughout older sections */
    --primary-blue: #2C4251;
    --accent-cyan: #2C7A7B;
    --accent-teal: #2A9D8F;
    --accent-emerald: #2F855A;
    --highlight-color: #F2BE6F;
    --genetic-helix: #386FA4;
}

body {
    background:
        radial-gradient(circle at 12% 12%, rgba(205, 127, 50, 0.07), transparent 34%),
        radial-gradient(circle at 88% 8%, rgba(44, 66, 81, 0.08), transparent 30%),
        #F7F8FA;
}

.nav-container a {
    border: 1px solid transparent;
}

.nav-container a:hover {
    background: #F4F6F8;
    border-color: rgba(44, 66, 81, 0.12);
}

.nav-container a.active {
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #B87333 0%, #8B4513 100%);
    color: #FFFFFF;
    box-shadow: 0 8px 18px rgba(139, 69, 19, 0.28);
}

.card {
    border-color: rgba(17, 24, 39, 0.08);
    box-shadow: 0 8px 24px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.06);
}

.card:hover {
    border-color: rgba(205, 127, 50, 0.28);
    box-shadow: 0 14px 32px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.1);
}

.card p,
.card li {
    color: #475569;
}

.card a {
    color: #8B4513;
    text-decoration-thickness: 1.5px;
    text-underline-offset: 2px;
}

.card a:hover {
    color: #6A3410;
}

.card.hero-genetics {
    background: linear-gradient(180deg, #FFFFFF 0%, #FCF8F1 100%);
    border: 1px solid rgba(205, 127, 50, 0.2);
}

.genetics-hero-banner {
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(205, 127, 50, 0.18);
}

.genetics-hero-banner-overlay {
    background:
        linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(17, 24, 39, 0.28) 0%, rgba(17, 24, 39, 0.52) 100%),
        linear-gradient(120deg, rgba(205, 127, 50, 0.16) 0%, rgba(44, 66, 81, 0.16) 100%);
}

.genetics-hero-title {
    text-shadow: 0 2px 18px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.28);
}

/* Ensure banner heading does not inherit generic .card h2 dark styles */
.card.hero-genetics .genetics-hero-title {
    color: #FFFFFF;
    display: block;
    margin: 0;
    text-align: center;
    line-height: 1.2;
    text-shadow: 0 3px 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.45);
}

.genetics-stat-card {
    border-radius: 10px;
    box-shadow: 0 4px 14px rgba(15, 23, 42, 0.05);
}

a:focus-visible,
button:focus-visible,
input:focus-visible,
textarea:focus-visible,
select:focus-visible {
    outline: 3px solid rgba(44, 66, 81, 0.45);
    outline-offset: 2px;
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    *,
    *::before,
    *::after {
        animation: none !important;
        transition: none !important;
        scroll-behavior: auto !important;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
    .nav-container {
        gap: 0.35rem;
    }

    .card {
        padding: 1.8rem;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
    .card {
        border-radius: 10px;
        padding: 1.35rem;
    }

    .card h2 {
        font-size: 1.55rem;
        line-height: 1.3;
    }
}